March is Colon (or Colorectal) Cancer Awareness Month, focusing on the third most common cancer in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, an estimated 135,000 people will be diagnosed with rectal or colon cancer (collectively known as colorectal cancer) in the United States in 2017. Though men are slightly more likely to develop colon cancer, about 1 in 23 women will be diagnosed in their lifetime.
Rectal and colon cancer are preventable, which is why screening tests are essential. What generally starts as a growth, or polyp, can change into cancer and grow into the wall of the rectum or colon. Regular screening tests – such as colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and stool tests – can detect polyps and cancer earlier, when removal and treatment are most effective.
Symptoms
Rectal and colon cancer may be symptomless, which is another reason regular screening is important. Of those who experienced symptoms, the most commonly reported were:
- change in bowel habits
- blood in bowel movement
- chronic stomach pain or cramps
- unexplained weight loss
Risk Factors
The risk of developing rectal or colon cancer increases with age, so regular screenings should begin by age 50. Other risk factors include:
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Family or personal history of polyps or cancer
- Genetic mutations
- Lifestyle factors
From a lifestyle perspective, getting lots of physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, eating lots of fruits and vegetables, drinking in moderation, and not smoking will decrease your risk of developing rectal or colon cancer.
The death rate from rectal and colon cancer has decreased in recent years, thanks to early detection and treatment, as well as improved treatment options. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, contact your physician for a screening. If you’re not sure where to go, your Capital Women’s Care provider can make recommendations.
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