Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of endometrial (uterine) cells/tissue outside the uterus. A common problem, specifically among women in their 30’s and 40’s, endometriosis currently affects about five million women in the United States. It most commonly occurs in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and membrane lining the pelvic cavity outside the uterus, but can grow in other areas of the body as well.
Endometrial tissue is shed each month during menstruation, when the tissue thickens, breaks down, and bleeds out through the vagina. Displaced endometrial tissue acts the same way, but becomes trapped within the body and develops into adhesions and scar tissue.
Symptoms of Endometriosis
There are generally no symptoms for endometriosis; however, women may experience general pelvic pain, pain or cramping during intercourse, pain during urination or bowel movements, or other painful symptoms. While many women with endometriosis are able to become pregnant, endometriosis is common in women who are experiencing infertility.
Although the exact cause is not fully understood, women who have never had children, have short menstrual cycles, or have periods that last longer than seven days are more likely to develop endometriosis. A family history of endometriosis also increases your risk.
Diagnosing Endometriosis
Diagnosis of endometriosis can be done through pelvic exam, ultrasound, or laparoscopy. The medical provider may also do a biopsy during laparoscopy to be safe, though endometriosis is usually benign (noncancerous) tissue. Treatment can include medication, hormone therapy, or surgery, depending on the severity of your condition.
If you’re experiencing chronic pelvic or related pain, contact your Capital Women’s Care provider for an evaluation.